Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original. Any use of others' work or words must be appropriately cited. All manuscripts are screened using Turnitin before peer review. A similarity index exceeding 25% (excluding references) will result in automatic rejection or required revision.

Authorship must meet all four ICMJE criteria: (1) substantial contribution to conception or design; (2) drafting or critically revising the manuscript; (3) approving the final version; (4) accountability for all aspects of the work. Guest, gift, and ghost authorship are strictly prohibited.

Raw data must be retained for a minimum of 5 years after publication and made available for editorial review upon request. Fabrication, falsification, and selective reporting of results are forms of research misconduct that will lead to immediate rejection, retraction, and notification of the authors' institutions.

Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals is prohibited. Redundant or duplicate publication — republishing substantially the same work — is unethical. Authors must disclose any closely related submitted or published work. Violations are grounds for immediate rejection and blacklisting.

All financial and non-financial conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of the manuscript must be disclosed. This includes funding sources, employment relationships, personal relationships, and competing interests. Disclosure must be made in the manuscript and in the submission system.

Significant errors in published work must be promptly reported to the editorial office. JEMEDWELL will issue a Correction for minor errors, an Expression of Concern when an investigation is pending, or a Retraction if findings are unreliable. Retracted articles remain visible online, marked clearly as retracted.

Manuscripts under review are confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, discuss, or use the manuscript's content for any purpose without explicit editorial permission. The identity of authors (in double-blind review) must not be sought.

Reviews must be objective, constructive, and evidence-based. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should respond promptly — if they cannot complete a review within the agreed timeframe, the editorial office must be notified immediately so an alternative reviewer can be appointed.

Reviewers must decline to review manuscripts where they have a conflict of interest — including collaborations within the past 3 years, competing research interests, personal relationships with authors, or institutional affiliation. Any suspected conflict must be disclosed immediately to the Editor-in-Chief.

Reviewers should only accept invitations for manuscripts within their area of expertise. If an assigned manuscript is outside their expertise, they must notify the editor immediately. JEMEDWELL acknowledges the voluntary contribution of reviewers in its annual Reviewer Acknowledgment published in the final issue each year.

Written informed consent must be obtained from all human participants before any study procedures. For case reports or case series, patient consent for publication is mandatory. Where consent was waived, the ethics committee decision must be explicitly stated and justified in the manuscript.

Patients have the right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Identifying information — including names, initials, hospital numbers, photographs, and any identifying details — must not be published unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient gives written informed consent.

Research involving traditional/indigenous knowledge or plant-based remedies must comply with the Nagoya Protocol and applicable national regulations. Consent from communities, proper attribution, and benefit-sharing agreements must be documented and disclosed. JEMEDWELL upholds respect for biodiversity sovereignty.

Research involving animals must adhere to the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). The approval of the institutional animal care and ethics committee must be stated. Authors must describe how animal welfare was maintained throughout the study in compliance with ARRIVE guidelines.

Issued when a portion of an otherwise reliable article is found to be misleading or inaccurate. The original article is linked to the correction notice. Used for honest errors by authors or publishers.

Issued when there is evidence of possible misconduct but a full investigation is pending, or when an investigation has not reached a definitive conclusion. Alerts readers while the inquiry continues.

Issued when findings are fundamentally unreliable due to misconduct or honest error; plagiarism or duplicate publication is confirmed; or ethical approval was falsified. Retracted articles remain online, clearly marked. DOI is maintained for citation tracking.

Pre-publication withdrawal is permissible if a significant error is discovered before the final version is published. Authors must formally request withdrawal with justification. Withdrawal after acceptance requires editorial board approval.

JEMEDWELL follows COPE's standard procedures for investigating suspected misconduct. Refer to the COPE flowcharts for the step-by-step process used for different types of concerns.